Imaging of the posterior pole plays a key role in management of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Retinal imaging in diabetes has been utilized for population screening, telemedicine, natural history studies and to assess response to therapy. Technological advances in the last decade have improved image acquisition, processing, reproducibility and comparability between sequential retinal examinations. Fundus photography and fluorescein angiography had previously been the main modalities to study diabetic retinopathy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging for commercial use was introduced in 2001 and provides a noninvasive, fast modality to evaluate diabetic macular edema (DME). New imaging techniques are continually being introduced while established ones are updated. OCT angiography (OCTA) is a relatively new, novel modality to image flow in the retinal and choroidal vasculature. OCT angiography provides more detailed information about the vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy, as it can segment the retinal circulation into individual vascular plexuses. It has recently been demonstrated that subtle abnormalities may be imaged using OCT of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) as well as with OCT angiography (OCTA) prior to developing visible diabetic retinopathy. The current imaging techniques used to evaluate structural and functional changes in diabetic retinopathy will be reviewed.